GP Backward View

Pneumococcal Transformation -A Backward View

The psychology of time: a view backward and forward.

We selectively review the progress of research on the psychology of time during the past 125 years, starting with the publication of the first English-language psychological journal, The American Journal of Psychology. A number of important articles on the psychology of time appeared in this journal, including the widely cited early article by Nichols (1891). The psychology of time is a seminal...

Linear-Graph GP - A New GP Structure

In recent years different genetic programming (GP) structures have emerged. Today, the basic forms of representation for genetic programs are tree, linear and graph structures. In this contribution we introduce a new kind of GP structure which we call linear-graph. This is a further development to the linear-tree structure that we developed earlier. We describe the linear-graph structure, as we...

A Fine-Grained View of GP Locality with Binary Decision Diagrams as Ant Phenotypes

The property that neighbouring genotypes tend to map to neighbouring phenotypes, i.e. locality, is an important criterion in the study of problem difficulty. Locality is problematic in tree-based genetic programming (GP), since typically there is no explicit phenotype. Here, we define multiple phenotypes for the artificial ant problem, and use them to describe a novel fine-grained view of GP lo...

GP job satisfaction in view of contract reform: a national survey.

BACKGROUND Job satisfaction has been associated with intentions to quit and aspects of quality of care. In 2001, GP job satisfaction in England had fallen to its lowest point for over a decade. AIM To assess GP job satisfaction and stressors immediately prior to implementation of the 2004 contract. DESIGN OF STUDY National survey of a random sample of GPs. SETTING England. METHOD One th...